The correct answer is A. Horizontal communication. When communication occurs between an HR (Human Resources) manager and a salesman, it represents a form of horizontal communication within an organization. Let’s break down why this answer is correct and then explore why the other options (B, C, and D) do not accurately describe this type of communication.

A. Horizontal Communication (Correct Answer):

Horizontal communication refers to the exchange of information, ideas, or messages between individuals or departments at the same hierarchical level within an organization. In this case, the HR manager and the salesman both occupy positions at the same level of authority within the organizational structure. The reasons why this is classified as horizontal communication include:

1. Same Level of Authority:

The HR manager and the salesman do not report to each other in terms of hierarchy. They hold distinct roles within the organization but are at the same level of authority or on the same organizational tier.

2. Collaboration and Coordination:

Horizontal communication often occurs when individuals or departments need to collaborate, coordinate efforts, or share information that is relevant to their respective roles. In this scenario, the HR manager and the salesman may be discussing matters related to recruitment, performance evaluation, training, or any other HR-related issues that impact the sales department.

3. Mutual Exchange:

In horizontal communication, both parties have an equal stake in the exchange of information. It is not a one-way flow of communication, but rather a dialogue or discussion where both the HR manager and the salesman may share their perspectives, concerns, or feedback.

4. No Chain of Command:

Unlike vertical communication, where there is a clear chain of command from superiors to subordinates, horizontal communication occurs laterally across the organizational chart without the need to follow the hierarchy.

Now, let’s examine why the other options are not accurate descriptions:

B. Lateral Communication (Not Correct):

Lateral communication is essentially synonymous with horizontal communication. It refers to communication that occurs at the same hierarchical level within an organization. Therefore, choosing option B would not be incorrect, but it’s essentially a different way to describe the same phenomenon.

C. Diagonal Communication (Not Correct):

Diagonal communication, on the other hand, involves communication between individuals or departments that are not at the same hierarchical level but are not directly in a superior-subordinate relationship either.

In other words, it involves communication that cuts across different levels of the organizational structure. An HR manager communicating with a salesman would typically not be considered diagonal communication because they are generally at the same level of authority.

D. Vertical Communication (Not Correct):

Vertical communication, in contrast to horizontal communication, involves communication between individuals or departments at different hierarchical levels within an organization. It typically flows from superiors to subordinates or vice versa, such as when a manager communicates with their direct reports or when employees communicate with their supervisors.

Communication between an HR manager and a salesman does not fit this description, as they are not in a vertical superior-subordinate relationship.

In conclusion, when an HR manager communicates with a salesman, it is an example of horizontal communication within an organization. This form of communication is characterized by exchanges between individuals or departments at the same hierarchical level, involving collaboration, coordination, and mutual information sharing.

Understanding the various types of organizational communication is essential for effective interaction and teamwork within an organization, and it aids in maintaining a smooth flow of information across different levels and departments.