Management Notes

Reference Notes for Management

Functions of Operating System – Computer Software | Computer And IT Applications

Functions of Operating System

Functions of Operating System

An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs.

An operating system is a collection of programs that together control the operations of a computer system.

It activates and recognizes the hardware devices and provides an operating environment for other application software.

It is an interpreter which is responsible for bridging the gap between hardware and application needs.

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Types of ROM – PROM , EPROM, and EEPROM| Computer Memory

Types of ROM

Types of ROM |PROM, EPROM and EEPROM

ROM stands(Read Only Memory) is the memory from which we can only read but cannot write on it. This is a volatile memory because the information is stored permanently in such memories during the time of manufacture.

A ROM, stores such instructions that are required to start a computer. This operation is referred to as bootstrap. ROM chips are not only used by the computer but also in other electronic items like a washing machine and microwave oven. ROM is of three types which are as follows:

Types of ROM

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Importance of Demand Analysis in Business Decision Making – 5 Major Points Explained | Microeconomics

Importance of Demand Analysis in Business Decision Making

Importance of Demand Analysis in Business Decision Making

The quantity of goods and services that consumer is willing and able to purchase in the market at various prices during a period of time is called demand. Demand analysis plays a pivotal role in business decision-making by providing valuable insights into customer preferences, market trends, and future sales potential. It enables businesses to make informed choices in various aspects of their operations.

In this comprehensive explanation, we will delve into five key areas where demand analysis holds immense importance: forecasting sales, determining profit, making marketing decisions, making production decisions, and guiding financial decisions.

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Importance of Microeconomics in Business Decision Making – Microeconomics | Management Notes

Importance of Microeconomics in Business Decision Making

Importance of Microeconomics in Business Decision Making

Importance of Microeconomics in Business Decision Making: Microeconomics plays an important role in business decision making. It helps the business managers in making production plans and trade decisions. It provides an analytical tool to examine the market mechanisms and helps business firms to take decision about their production and pricing policies.

The following are the points that represent the importance of microeconomics in business decision making.

a) Optimal resource utilization

Microeconomics tells how productive resources are allocated in the production of various goods and services as productive resources are scarce in the economy. It also helps to find out, what to produce, how much to produce, and for whom to produce.

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Limitations of Microeconomics – Microeconomics | Management Notes

Limitations of Microeconomics

Limitations of Microeconomics

Microeconomics is the branch of economics that deals with the study of how individual households and firms make decisions and how they interact in markets. Microeconomics studies principles, problems, and policies concerning the optimum allocation of resources with maximum satisfaction. Microeconomics plays a very important role in the study of economic theory.

Besides its importance it has certain limitations which are as follows:

  1. Wrong conclusions
  2. Static
  3. Unrealistic assumptions
  4. Limited scope
  5. Ignores the role of the government

a) Wrong conclusions

According to the viewpoint of macroeconomics, the conclusions drawn from the study of microeconomics in many cases are not valid.Microeconomics has often been proven to be misleading in many ways. Due to its focus on the individual, what is applicable to an individual may not be applicable to economies. The economic approach involves many generalizations and inferences based on certain circumstances and conditions. Often, these generalizations lead to a misunderstanding of the economic situation. As a result, wrong conclusions are drawn.

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Importance of Microeconomics – 6 Major Importance of Microeconomics | Explained in Detail

Importance of Microeconomics

Importance of Microeconomics

Microeconomics is the branch of economics that deals with the study of how individual households and firms make decisions and how they interact in markets.

Microeconomics studies principles, problems, and policies concerning the optimum allocation of resources with maximum satisfaction.

The study of microeconomics takes place at the level of individual markets, industries, or sectors rather than at the level of the national economy as a whole.

Microeconomics attempts to analyze how markets allocate limited resources across alternative uses and establish relative prices for goods and services.

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Difference between RAM and ROM – 6 Major Differences | Primary Memory

Difference between RAM and ROM

Difference between RAM and ROM

RAM Definition (Random Access Memory)

RAM (Random Access Memory) is the internal memory of the CPU for storing data, programs, and program results. It is read/write memory which stores data until the machine is working. RAM is a volatile memory because as soon as the machine is switched off, data is erased or lost. Random Access Memory (RAM) is a high-speed component in devices that temporarily stores all the information a device needs for the present and the future. Random-access memory allows any byte of computer memory to be accessed without affecting the preceding byte. RAM can be found in servers, PCs, tablets, smartphones, backup drives, and other devices. As of today, RAM is a type of integrated circuit chip that contains metal oxide semiconductor memory cells (MOS).RAM directly affects a system’s speed and performance.

Information in the RAM can be accessed quickly since it stores the information that the computer is currently using. In addition to loading applications, browsing the Internet, editing a spreadsheet, and switching between all these activities quickly, it enables computers to perform everyday tasks.

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