The correct answer in this case is c. Conflict theory. The concept of the “American Dream,” which suggests that anyone can achieve success and wealth through hard work, is most commonly associated with this sociological perspective.

To fully understand why conflict theory is the correct choice, we need to explore the theoretical framework and then discuss why the other options are not applicable in this context.

Correct Answer:

c. Conflict Theory:

Conflict theory is a sociological perspective that emphasizes the role of power, inequality, and social conflict in shaping society. In the context of the “American Dream,” conflict theory posits that the idea of upward mobility and economic success through hard work is often a myth perpetuated by those in power to maintain social and economic inequalities.

According to this perspective, society is divided into different social classes, and those in power, typically the economic and political elites, exploit their positions to maintain control and accumulate wealth.

The “American Dream” is seen as a tool to encourage the working class to strive for success, all the while reinforcing the status quo and the unequal distribution of resources. It is, therefore, associated with the conflict theory as it highlights the tension and struggle between different social classes in society.

Incorrect Answers:

a. Sociobiology:

Sociobiology is a branch of biology that applies evolutionary principles to understanding social behavior. It is not a sociological theory and does not have a direct connection to the concept of the “American Dream.” Sociobiology primarily focuses on the biological and genetic basis of social behavior in animals and humans.

b. Functionalism:

Functionalism is a sociological theory that emphasizes the interconnectedness and stability of society. It suggests that different parts of society function to maintain overall social equilibrium.

While functionalism is relevant in many sociological discussions, it does not specifically address the “American Dream” as a concept driven by conflict and inequality. Instead, functionalism tends to focus on the role of institutions in maintaining social order and stability.

d. Ethnocentrism:

Ethnocentrism is a concept related to cultural and societal attitudes in which one’s own culture or group is considered superior or central, while others are viewed through one’s cultural lens.

It is not a sociological theory and does not directly address the “American Dream.” While ethnocentrism can influence people’s perspectives and beliefs, it is not a theory that explains the origins or consequences of the “American Dream.”

Now, let’s delve further into why the “American Dream” is most commonly associated with conflict theory:

Conflict Theory and the “American Dream”:

Conflict theory, as introduced by prominent sociologists like Karl Marx, Max Weber, and C. Wright Mills, provides a critical perspective on society. It focuses on the inherent inequalities and conflicts that arise in the distribution of resources, opportunities, and power.

In the case of the “American Dream,” conflict theory argues that this ideal is not equally attainable for all members of society due to the presence of social classes and economic disparities.

The “American Dream” narrative suggests that hard work and determination can lead to upward mobility, wealth, and success. However, conflict theorists argue that this dream is not a level playing field for everyone.

In reality, individuals and families with more economic and social advantages, such as better education, family connections, and access to resources, have a higher likelihood of achieving the American Dream. Those without these advantages may find it much more challenging to break out of their current social and economic circumstances.

Furthermore, conflict theory emphasizes that the very existence of this dream may serve as a means to maintain social inequality. The wealthy and powerful use the idea of the “American Dream” to encourage the working class to believe that hard work alone will lead to success.

This belief can keep the working class focused on their individual efforts rather than questioning the broader systemic inequalities. In essence, the “American Dream” can be seen as a form of false consciousness, which diverts attention away from structural issues of inequality and exploitation.

Additionally, conflict theory highlights that disparities in access to education, employment opportunities, and social services further hinder the achievement of the “American Dream” for disadvantaged groups. The conflict perspective argues that the structural and systemic inequalities perpetuated by those in power are the primary factors that limit the fulfillment of this dream for many individuals.

In conclusion, the “American Dream” is most commonly associated with conflict theory because this sociological perspective focuses on power imbalances, social inequalities, and the role of the elite in perpetuating these disparities.

Conflict theory posits that the “American Dream” is often used as a tool to maintain the status quo and encourage the working class to strive for success, even though structural inequalities may limit their opportunities.

The other options, including sociobiology, functionalism, and ethnocentrism, do not provide a relevant framework for understanding the complexities of the “American Dream” in a sociological context.