a. The Conflict Perspective:

The conflict perspective is a sociological theory that views society as a system characterized by inequality, where various groups compete for resources and power. It suggests that conflicts and tensions arise due to the unequal distribution of resources, leading to social change.

While this perspective can be applied to various aspects of society, including economic structures, it doesn’t directly address the intentional design of products to become obsolete.

In the context of planned obsolescence, there may indeed be conflicts between consumers and manufacturers over issues like product longevity and sustainability. Consumers may feel frustrated or exploited by having to replace products frequently, while manufacturers may argue that it’s necessary for innovation and economic viability.

However, the conflict perspective alone doesn’t encapsulate the deliberate design aspect of planned obsolescence.

b. Conspicuous Consumption:

Conspicuous consumption is an economic term coined by Thorstein Veblen, describing the act of purchasing and displaying luxury goods and services to signal social status or wealth. It is about individuals using their consumption habits to establish or reinforce their position in a social hierarchy.

While conspicuous consumption does involve consumer behavior, it doesn’t directly address the intentional engineering of products to become obsolete.

Planned obsolescence, on the other hand, is a deliberate strategy implemented by manufacturers during the design and production phase. It’s not about conspicuous consumption by consumers, but rather the intentional creation of products with a finite lifespan to encourage repeat purchases.

c. Media:

The term “media” refers to various channels and platforms used for communication and information dissemination, including television, radio, print, and digital platforms. Media plays a crucial role in shaping public opinion, influencing consumer behavior, and disseminating information about products and services.

However, while media can certainly influence consumer preferences and perceptions, it doesn’t directly relate to the intentional design of products to become outdated.

Planned obsolescence is an industrial strategy employed by manufacturers, distinct from media’s role in advertising, consumer education, and shaping cultural attitudes towards products. While media may report on planned obsolescence and its effects, it is not the primary cause or driver of the practice.

In summary, while the conflict perspective, conspicuous consumption, and media are all relevant to aspects of consumer behavior and societal dynamics, they do not directly address the intentional design of products to become obsolete, which is the key characteristic of planned obsolescence. This practice is a specific strategy employed by manufacturers in the production of goods.

The scenario of a cell phone becoming outdated shortly after purchase is a clear example of planned obsolescence. This practice is employed by manufacturers to encourage regular product replacement, driving sales and ensuring a steady flow of revenue.

The other options presented conflict perspective, conspicuous consumption, and media do not directly address the intentional design of products to become obsolete, making them less applicable to the scenario provided.