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Whose study described the differences in the way that boys and girls view morality?

Whose study described the differences in the way that boys and girls view morality?

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Whose study described the differences in the way that boys and girls view morality?

a. Carol Gilligan
b. Erik Erikson
c. Sigmund Freud
d. Lawrence Kholberg

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The Correct Answer for the given question is Option a. Carol Gilligan 

Gilligan’s research demonstrated that boys and girls do hold different opinions about morality. By focusing on rules and laws, boys tend to have a justice perspective. Girls, on the other hand, view people’s morally wrong behavior from a perspective of care and responsibility. The justice perspective was also regarded as the correct, or superior, perspective by Gilligan, since the theory was premised on the justice perspective.

In contrast, Gilligan believed neither perspective was “better”: the two norms of justice served different purposes. According to her, boys are socialized in an environment of rules to make operations run smoothly, while girls are socialized in an environment of harmony in caretaking and nurturing.

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The term formal education is defined by the text asThe term formal education is defined by the text as  

a. Learning about cultural values, norms, and expected behaviors through participation in a society.
b. The education one receives at a private school, parochial school, or private college.
c. An education that is accompanied by a tutor at all times.
d. The learning of academic facts and concepts.

Impersonal relationships are due to job specialization.  Impersonal relationships are due to job specialization.  

a) Mechanical Solidarity
b) Organic Solidarity

A socially defined position in a group or in society.A socially defined position in a group or in society.  

A. role
B. interaction
C. status
D. deviance

A person’s position in a country’s social stratification is determined by:A person’s position in a country’s social stratification is determined by:  

a) Prestige, family, legal records, occupation & favorite food.
b) Clothes, accessories, hobbies, shoes, & number of credit cards.
c) Wealth, power, income, race, education.
d) GNI PPP, GDP, GNI, the PRB, & the standards of living.

Culture consists of all the shared products of human groups.Culture consists of all the shared products of human groups.

a. True
b. False

All groups create norms to enforce their cultural values.  All groups create norms to enforce their cultural values.  

a. True
b. False

Which of the following would sociologists consider the best definition of deviance?  Which of the following would sociologists consider the best definition of deviance?  

a. actions that are harmful to society
b. violations of social norms
c. criminal activities
d. immoral or unethical behaviors
e. illegal activities

Which of the following would be the best example of a total institution?Which of the following would be the best example of a total institution?  

A. A mental hospital
B. A private university
C. A parochial school
D. A baseball team

Which of the following describes how deviance can be explained from the functionalist perspective?Which of the following describes how deviance can be explained from the functionalist perspective?

a) Deviance helps the upper class maintain its power in society
b) Deviance reinforces norms and clarifies moral boundaries
c) Deviance breaks down social cohesion and leads to revolution
d) Functionalist theory has no explanation for deviance

How do sociologists distinguish a group from a crowd?How do sociologists distinguish a group from a crowd?  

a. A group doesn’t necessarily share any common attribute.
b. A crowd doesn’t necessarily feel a shared identity.
c. A group doesn’t have ongoing social relations.
d. Members of a crowd don’t interact with one another.
e. A group doesn’t usually feel a sense of shared identity.

The concept of the relativity of deviance is best illustrated by which of the following statements?The concept of the relativity of deviance is best illustrated by which of the following statements?  

A) It is not the act itself, but the reaction of others to the act that makes it deviant.
B) The nature of one’s behavior is the most important aspect in determining deviance.
C) Deviance is most related to functionalism because it creates a dysfunction for society.
D) Deviance is analogous to mental illness.

In a society in which groups interact closely on a basis of equality, there tend to be  In a society in which groups interact closely on a basis of equality, there tend to be  

a. high levels of prejudice.
b. vast differences in power held by the various groups.
c. low levels of prejudice.
d. high levels of discrimination

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