“Cesare lombroso, richard dugdale, and william sheldon were all proponents of”
- moralism.
- biological determinism.
- psychological determinism.
- social determinism.
Answer: b. biological determinism.
Answer Explanation
Cesare Lombroso, Richard Dugdale, and William Sheldon were all proponents of theories that subscribed to biological determinism. Human behavior and characteristics are influenced or determined by biological factors, such as genetics, heredity, and physiological characteristics, according to biological determinism.
It is widely considered that Cesare Lombroso is the father of modern criminology. According to him, criminal behavior is the result of primitive traits and characteristics reminiscent of earlier stages of human evolution. In Lombroso’s view, criminals are predisposed to deviant behavior because of their biological predisposition.
Richard Dugdale was an American sociologist and eugenicist who conducted research on the Juke family in the late 19th century. He also, concluded that criminal behavior and other social problems were hereditary. According to him, the Juke family’s criminal tendencies and pauperism were the result of their biological heritage. He advocated eugenic measures to prevent the propagation of undesirable traits.
Sheldon was an American psychologist and researcher known for his work on somatotyping. Sheldon proposed a theory that linked body types to personality and behavior. He divided individuals into three body types, endomorphs, mesomorphs, and ectomorphs. According to him, mesomorphs have a biological predisposition to be aggressive and delinquent as a result of their muscular and athletic builds.
Why the other options are not correct
a. Moralism:
In moralism, moral principles and values are viewed as the basis for human behavior and actions. Cesare Lombroso, Richard Dugdale, and William Sheldon opposed moralistic explanations of human behavior. Emphasizing personal responsibility, ethics, and the influence of individual choices on behavior. They emphasized biological factors as determinants of behavior rather than moralistic explanations.
c.Psychological Determinism:
According to psychological determinism, human behavior is primarily determined by psychological factors, such as unconscious motives, drives, and conditioning. In spite of the fact that psychology played a role in these scholars’ theories, they were primarily interested in biological determinism rather than psychological determinism.
d.social determinism
A social determinist believes that the primary determinants of human behavior and societal outcomes are social and environmental factors. Lombroso, Dugdale, and Sheldon emphasized biological factors as the key determinants of human behavior, despite the fact that social factors are undoubtedly crucial to understanding human behavior.
Conclusion
The correct answer is “b. Biological Determinism.” Cesare Lombroso, Richard Dugdale, and William Sheldon all advocated theories that attributed human behavior and characteristics to biological factors such as genetics, heredity, and physiological factors.
As a result of their reductionist and deterministic perspectives, their work significantly influenced the fields of criminology, sociology, and psychology. However, these theories have been widely criticized and discredited in contemporary scholarship. Human behavior is shaped by a complex interaction of biological, psychological, social, and environmental factors.
Which sociological perspective sees the social world as being in continual struggle?
I am Bibisha Shiwakoti a final year BBS student from Janapremi College. I have completed my higher secondary education at Kalinchowk Secondary School.
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