Horizontal Mobility
Posted inSociology

Horizontal Mobility – Horizontal Mobility – Various Concepts Explained in Detail | Fundamentals of Sociology | Fundamentals of Sociology

Horizontal Mobility

Horizontal mobility refers to the movement of an individual or group of people within the same social class and within the same situation category without changing their level of power or status.

The concept of horizontal mobility is a type of social mobility that refers to being able to move between different places or professions without affecting the individual’s economic status, social standing, or lifestyle, or being able to move from one similar group or status to another.

Dramaturgy Sociology
Posted inSociology

Dramaturgy Sociology – Which one of the following is part of the horizontal axis of dramaturgy? | Sociology

Dramaturgy Sociology

An important aspect of dramaturgy is that it is commonly used to explain micro-sociological accounts of daily social interactions.

Goffman first applied the term to sociology from the theatre in his 1956 book, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, which developed most of the associated terminology and ideas.

It was Burke who first presented his notions of dramatism in 1945, which in turn derived from Shakespeare, which Goffman later acknowledged as a source.

Burke’s idea of life as theatre is fundamentally different from Goffman’s in that Burke believes life is a theatrical performance, while Goffman sees theatre as a metaphor.

Goffman called dramaturgical analysis, the study of social interaction in terms of performance in the theatre, what we do if we see ourselves as directors observing what goes on in everyday life as theatre.

Beanpole Family
Posted inSociology

Beanpole Family – Emerging Types of Families | Fundamentals of Sociology

Beanpole Family

A Beanpole family consists of several generations and is long and thin, with few aunts, uncles, and grandparents. Several factors contribute to this, including an increase in life expectancy and a decrease in the number of births.
Because of the aging population and contraceptive control, a new model of family emerges that reflects the modern world ideology. 
In the past, families have typically had more children than their parents. Over the past several decades, however, particularly in Western countries, the number of children per generation has steadily decreased, and life expectancy has increased.
Researchers have likened this to the shape of a beanpole – tall and thin, with few people in each family.

Beanpole Family
Posted inSociology

Civil Partnership – Difference between Civil Partnership and Marriage | Sociology

Civil Partnership

Those who are unrelated to each other can form a civil partnership as a form of legal relationship. Couples of the same sex or the opposite sex are able to form civil partnerships. When you register a civil partnership, your relationship will be legally recognized. You will have additional rights and responsibilities as well. The civil partnership can only be ended by the death of one partner or by filing a court application for dissolution of the partnership. Civil partnerships can only be ended after they have lasted for at least one year. Civil partnerships are legally binding relationships entered into by couples that are registered and provide them with a number of legal rights similar to those of married couples.

Social Disorganization Theory
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Social Disorganization Theory – Theoretical Perspectives on Deviance | Sociology

Social Disorganization Theory

Social Disorganization Theory Social Disorganization Theory What is Social Disorganization Theory?

What is Social Disorganization Theory?

➦ Social Disorganization Theory was developed at the University of Chicago in the 1920s and 1930s to explain why crime is most likely to occur in communities with weak social ties and a lack of social control.

➦ Children who grow up in poor neighborhoods with high rates of alcohol and drug use, violence, teen delinquency, and deprived parenting are likely to become criminals than children who grow up in wealthy neighborhoods with good schools and active families.

The Mcdonaldization of Society
Posted inSociology

The Mcdonaldization of Society – 4 Main Components of McDonaldization | Sociology

The Mcdonaldization of Society

The Mcdonaldization of Society refers to to the increase of the fast food business model in common social institutions. “McDonaldization” is a term used by sociologist George Ritzer in his book The McDonaldization of Society (1993). McDonaldization as described by Ritzer is a reconceptualization of rationalization, or moving from traditional to rational modes of thought, and scientific management. The four main components of McDonaldization, according to Ritzer, are efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control.

For example, many chain supermarkets have people at the register checking out customers while stockers keep shelves full and deli workers slice meats and cheese to order (efficiency).

Disadvantages of Interview Method
Posted inResearch Sociology

Disadvantages of Interview Method – Interview Method of Data Collection | Management Notes

Disadvantages of Interview Method

The method of interview, in spite of its numerous advantages, has the following limitations: 

Very costly

Very costly

It is a very expensive affair. When using this method, the cost per case is much higher than when using a mailed questionnaire. In general, a questionnaire costs much less than an interview. The work of collecting data can require a large number of field workers to be trained and engaged. The entire process entails a lot of expenses, so a researcher with limited financial resources finds it difficult to adopt this approach.

An interview can be costly due to the time and resources involved, such as scheduling, travel, and compensation for participants. In addition, the cost of hiring interviewers and transcribing or recording interviews can increase expenses. Furthermore, it can provide valuable insights into many fields and is an important tool for obtaining information. By using online or remote methods, standardizing or structuring interviews, and recruiting participants from accessible populations, interviews can be mitigated.

  • Coordinating participant availability and scheduling
  • Participant and/or interviewer travel costs
  • Participants are compensated for their time
  • Interviewers should be trained or hired
  • Interview transcription or recording
  • Conducting an analysis of interview data
  • When conducting large-scale or long-term research, these costs can add up and become significant.

Advantages of Interview Method
Posted inResearch Sociology

Advantages of Interview Method – Interview Method of Data Collection | Management Notes

Advantages of Interview Method

The advantages of the interview method over other techniques are as follows: 

  • Changing the interview situation allows a well-trained interviewer to obtain more data and greater clarity. This cannot be accomplished through a questionnaire. 
  • Unlike a questionnaire, an interview gives the researcher the opportunity to follow-up on leads. 
  • There are often shortcomings with questionnaires in that they are often shallow and do not give a true reflection of opinions and feelings. Interviews usually allow for much deeper exploration. 
  •  Using motivational techniques and maintaining rapport with the subject is one way for a skilled interviewer to obtain relevant information, other methods do not permit such an outcome. 
  • In an interview, respondents may reveal confidential information that they do not wish to record on a questionnaire. 
  • Those who cannot express themselves in writing, such as children and illiterate people, can use interview techniques. Questionnaires do not allow this. 
Difference between Questionnaires and Schedules
Posted inResearch Sociology

Difference between Questionnaires and Schedules- Methods of Data Collection | Management Notes

Difference between Questionnaires and Schedules

When you work with questionnaires and schedules, you will observe that there are several similarities between the two. However, there are prominent differences also, which are as follows:

  • In most cases, the interviewer mails the interviewee a questionnaire, which is filled out by the interviewee. In contrast, the interviewer fills out a schedule at the time of the interview.
  • Questionnaires are more cost-effective than schedules since only the preparation and mailing of the schedules are required. Extra money is spent on training interviewers and appointing them as interviewers in the schedule method.
  • A questionnaire typically receives a low response rate since many people fail to respond. Meanwhile, schedules have a higher response since they are filled in by the interviewer at the time of the interview.
  • Questionnaires do not always identify the respondent, whereas schedules identify the interviewee or respondent.
  • Respondents may not return the questionnaire on time if they use the questionnaire method. Scheduling method does not present such problems since the schedule is filled at the time of the interview.
  • Questionnaires do not allow personal contact with respondents, whereas schedules do.
  • While the questionnaire method can be useful only for literate respondents, the schedule method does not require a literate interviewee.
  • Questionnaires are more likely to collect incomplete and incorrect information, while schedules collect complete and accurate data.
Observation
Posted inResearch Sociology

Observation – Characteristics,Types, Advantages and Disadvantages | Techniques of Data Collection

Observation

Observations have contributed to some of the most significant scientific discoveries in human history. In On the Origin of Species, Charles Darwin describes his theory of evolution based on his observations of animals and marine life at the Galapagos Islands.

As a primary research method, observation is used by social scientists, natural scientists, engineers, computer scientists, educational researchers, and many others.Based on the subject being researched, one makes varying types of observations.

Anticipatory Socialization
Posted inSociology

Anticipatory Socialization – Types of Socialization | Fundamentals of Sociology

Anticipatory Socialization

Concept of Anticipatory Socialization 

➨ The concept of anticipatory socialization refers to the process of learning, adjusting to, and internalizing the values, beliefs, traits, and activities of social status or occupation for which they are likely to recruit shortly.

➨ This is done in anticipation of the actual upcoming socialization. Preparations and rehearsals are required in advance to get a feel for what the new role might be.

➨ When a life transition is complex, anticipatory socialization may not be appropriate.

➨ We often don’t know what to expect until it happens. Human beings anticipate socialization through the culture of the group to which they belong.

➨ Moreover, they learn the culture of a group Self-Instructional Material with the intention of joining the group. The anticipatory stage of socialization begins the day an employee starts work.

Ethnocentrism
Posted inSociology

Ethnocentrism – Types of Culture | Fundamentals of Sociology

Ethnocentrism

The concept of ethnocentrism and cultural relativity are interrelated. The word ethno is derived from a Greek terminology which means, people, country and cultural bonding; centric is derived from a Latin word, which means centre. Thus, ethnocentrism is the tendency of every society to place its own cultural patterns at the center of things. It involves comparing other cultures’ practices to one’s own and rating them as inferior. It is the tendency to consider one’s own culture superior. It transforms one’s own culture into a yardstick against which all other cultures can be gauged and rated.